Maternal age: Advanced maternal age, typically defined as being 35 years or older, can increase the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and chromosomal abnormalities in the baby.
Medical conditions: Pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and certain infections can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy.
Multiple pregnancies: Carrying twins, triplets, or more increases the risk of complications such as preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal growth problems.
Previous pregnancy complications: Women who have experienced complications in previous pregnancies, such as preterm labor, miscarriage, stillbirth, or preeclampsia, may be at higher risk for similar complications in future pregnancies.
Infections: Certain infections during pregnancy, such as HIV, hepatitis B or C, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and toxoplasmosis, can pose risks to both the mother and the baby.