Barrier methods: These methods physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples include male and female condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps. Barrier methods also offer some protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Hormonal methods: These methods use hormones to prevent pregnancy. They include birth control pills (oral contraceptives), contraceptive patches, hormonal injections (such as Depo-Provera), hormonal implants (such as Nexplanon), and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs). Hormonal methods work by preventing ovulation, thinning the uterine lining, or thickening cervical mucus.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs): IUDs are small T-shaped devices that are inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are hormonal IUDs, which release hormones, and non-hormonal IUDs, which work by creating an inhospitable environment for sperm.
Emergency contraception: Also known as the "morning-after pill," emergency contraception can be used after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure to prevent pregnancy. It is most effective when taken as soon as possible after the incident.
Permanent methods: These methods are intended for individuals who have completed their desired family size or have decided not to have children. Examples include tubal ligation (female sterilization) and vasectomy (male sterilization).
